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Posted March 26, 2010 2:55 PM
By Paul Sheridan

Where have all the bad airlines gone?

At a customer meeting a few weeks ago I was asked what airlines were on my watch list this year. Apart from saying “everybody but nobody” I couldn’t think of a single name. As the industry enters another year of losses, how is it that we haven’t had more bankruptcies?

Two and a half years ago as oil prices were breaking a new record each day there was an incredible amount of talk and comment about the end of the industry as we knew it. The industry was doomed and oil would keep on going up even though the world economy was stalling. Fleets would be halved. Nobody would ever buy a 737 classic again. People were trying to imagine what a peak oil fleet would look like. It feels like another world and not just because it was all before the Lehman collapse.

 
The idea that oil prices would rise and rise, like decoupling and so many theories of the last boom, was the one big flaw in that argument but the rest of it was mostly true. Airlines could not survive $150 dollars a barrel oil for a sustained amount of time and the 737 classic is a hard aircraft to place. Even though oil prices went down the spike still softened up the airlines for the economic downturn that was on the way. How is it then that the industry is starting to call a bottom on the downturn and there has only been one major bankruptcy, and that was with an airline that was in difficulty before oil prices began to rise? Where is this downturn’s Swissair or United?
 
We all like to look down on airline management but for once it’s time to ask them to take a bow.  Airlines, through a combination of good planning and good luck, were actually ready for the downturn. Coming in to 2008 they had significantly more cash in the bank than they had coming in to 2001.  For example, Aer Lingus had over five times as much in 2008 and Lufthansa had three times as much. Put simply, airlines like Aer Lingus and TAP would have gone bankrupt if they had 2001 levels of cash. Airlines also managed their capacity well and here they had an element of luck. The rapid capacity reductions seen during the oil price panic ended up helping the airlines to position themselves for weaker demand before it really materialised. The reductions were implemented quickly and in an orderly fashion too.
 
That’s not to say that airlines have a bright future ahead of them (they don’t even have a bright future behind them anymore). No industry can sustain three years of heavy losses (indeed what other industry regularly sees three consecutive years of losses?). Like a boxer staggering into his final round where it will just take one well placed punch to knock him down, the airline industry is still vulnerable to a shock this year. Without a shock it seems that we might just get through this downturn without any major casualties, something to put in banner headlines in any submission to a credit committee.
 

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Mark Lindsay-Bayley

Paul,

I liked your article and would comment straight off that what you say was very thought prevoking. I would agree with many of your comments, especially that the cash 'store-up' has helped many airlines, however I can't yet see that business has picked up sufficiently to say that there won't be casualties yet. Many airlines were astute enough to hoard cash and raise finance prior to the downturn, but repayments and refinan cings will test CF going forward on an increasing scale; along with that there is a very sluggish second hand market, so no financial respite from a quick few sales or SLBs.

What I think this industry needs is a serious debate as to why people should invest in an industry that on the face of things just loses money. I know that many people around the edges of the airlines make money and a select few airlines themselves make money, so how do we convince your average investor (equity, mezz or secured debt) that the returns are available for them? Controversially I could say that air travel has become too cheap and the quickest way to recovery would be to see all prices rise. The LCCs would point to the fact that this isn't necessary and the unions on legacy carriers would argue that that probably does need to happen to avoid job losses. The fact remains that this industry has never quite made the complete leap from State operated to free market, so some of the best and worst of both situations remain.

We can't expect the ECAs to prop the finance market up; the banks are retreating; the lessors are only taking some slack - so in all we need to get a concerted message across to all hestitant investors that this industry does have a real financial future - we just need to work on the script.

Thanks Mark. The industry is definitely still on the edge and we can't say that we have seen the last of the bankruptcies for this cycle. I get the feeling that many airlines are now running out of tricks, e.g., anything that can be encumbered has been encumbered, and they now have to rely on a recovery in passengers and yields. You are in good company in thinking that there are structural problems within the airline's pricing models, Giovanni Bisignani has been beating that particular drum for a while. If these problems don't materialise (which really means that airlines manage to raise fares as the economy recovers) then we will have a good story to tell investors and banks.

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